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Gadolinium (Gd)
Gadolinium is one
of the most abundant ”rare-earth” elements but is never found as a
free element in nature.
Gadolinium has no known biological role in humans.
Toxicity due to Gadolinium is rare due to its poor gastrointestinal
absorption (it is suspected that very little Gadolinium is absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract (<0.05%), similar to other rare earth metals)
and there is no information on the tissue distribution of Gadolinium. Most
likely Gadolinium is excreted slowly through the fecal and urinary routes.
If exposure to high enough doses and/or if absorption does occur,
symptoms of acute parenteral toxicity may develop, including
abdominal cramps, diarrhea, lethargy, muscular spasms, and even
eventual death due to respiratory collapse. Gadolinium salts can
cause irritation of the skin and eyes and are suspected to be
possible carcinogens. As reported by Perazella (2009)
Gadollinium-based contrast (GBC) agents have been linked on occasion
with a rare systemic fibrosing condition called nephrogenic systemic
fibrosis (NSF) and their use in patients with advanced kidney
disease should be avoided.
Gadolinium is often used in alloys, improving the workability
and resistance of metals (e.g. chromium, iron). Other technical uses
include the phosphors of color cathode-ray television tubes and in
making magnets and electronic components such as recording heads for
video recorders and in the manufacture of compact disks and computer
memory. In medicine Gadolinium in MRI
(magnetic resonance
imaging) is used as a non-radioactive contrasting agent and has a half life in blood of about 90
minutes. It is also used in control rods for nuclear reactors and
power plants, in making garnets for microwave applications.
In vitro evidence suggests that EDTA may effectively bind to
Gadolinium therefore
EDTA for Gadolinium would be a good choice as a chelation agent.
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